I often work with people who have been targeted for punishment by the Israel lobby (or the Zionist establishment, if you prefer). It’s a gratifying but difficult task because victims of Zionist smear campaigns are usually scared and confused. That reaction is logical. Zionists aim to render their targets unemployable (and thus destitute). Such viciousness reflects the behavior of the state they want to indemnify from criticism.
Mainstream journalists, administrators, and politicians are receptive to Zionist pressure because their primary obligation is to serve centers of power. In many cases, individuals with the authority to decide a target’s fate share ideological and class interests with the people who are complaining. A distinct political economy informs snitching, defamation, employment termination, and other mendacious practices. That economy is calibrated to satisfy the ruling class and uses an insidious system of rewards to ensure conformity. The flipside is a sophisticated complex of discipline and coercion assembled to ensnare people who disrupt the operation. It’s crucial to understand that you’re not simply up against devotees of Israel, but more broadly an imperialist geopolitical structure in which pro-Israel sentiment is embedded. You needn’t identify as a radical in order to recognize the breadth and depth of the problem.
Before some general pointers, though, a few qualifications:
If the lobby wants you expunged from some kind of position, there might not be anything you can do to stop it. The ruling class, which includes the lobby, views you with contempt. Its beneficiaries don’t care if you go hungry. In fact, they might well enjoy it if you do. Fighting back, then, is an existential proposition.
Once targeted, you’ll be subject to a barrage of triteness and stupidity, along with gutter talk, unfounded speculation, and spectacular racism. Don’t waste time wondering how management can listen to such obvious dingbats; doing so will only make you angrier. Yes, the people complaining about you are dopey, despicable, and dishonest. They also have power, or at least the means to communicate a language amenable to power, which in the end is all that matters. Think of them first and foremost as class enemies. Contempt for the lesser specimens of humanity is the basis on which they interact with management.
Marshalling a response is intensive and time-consuming. You may not feel motivated, which is normal, and in which case a support network becomes especially helpful. From the lobby’s point of view, bogging people down in the tedium of self-defense is an added benefit; it precludes those people from doing the work that caught the lobby’s attention in the first place. They’ve summoned you to a different type of work, one that’s no less important.
Finally, each situation is different, so the suggestions that follow may not always apply. I try to provide a sketch of issues to take into account, but your distinctive personal and professional concerns should guide your response. The list below is meant to be roughly sequential.
Contact Your Union: If you’re a non-unionized worker, keep reading.
Document Everything: Save all emails, text messages, and voicemails. As accurately as possible, transcribe any verbal conversations (and the accompanying dates and times). Annotate the employee handbook and HR documents. Find cases in which management reacted differently in a similar scenario. It’s unlikely, but proceed on the assumption that you’ll end up in court.
Do Not Admit Wrongdoing: Even if you feel that you may have done something wrong—and there’s nothing wrong with condemning Israel—keep the feeling to yourself.
Research Legal Help: Palestine Legal is a terrific resource. Otherwise, look around for specialists in employment law (or whichever relevant subfield) in your area. It’s not always easy to hire an attorney, but try your best to arrange some consultations. If anything, you’ll get a sense of whether a lawsuit is viable. Lawyering up will also make management more hesitant to dispose of you.
Go Quiet (Maybe): In general, it’s a wise long-term proposition to say nothing at all, and that’s also the case at the onset of a Zionist smear campaign. This isn’t a firm rule, just something to consider. Sometimes talking further excites your adversaries. Sometimes it makes you sound sillier or more defensive than you would prefer. Sometimes you will say things that later become a source of regret. On the other hand, speaking up can be invigorating and cathartic. It depends on the situation. Interjecting yourself into the debate can extend the news cycle, so it isn’t advisable if your goal is to wait for the controversy to blow over (never a guarantee). If your goal is to vigorously defend yourself in your own words, whatever the news cycle decides to do or however upset it makes your adversaries, then it’s probably unhealthy to silence yourself. (When I was in the news cycle some years ago, I remained silent for nearly two months on order of my lawyers. That period was extraordinarily frustrating, but it later served me well during legal proceedings.) Calm down and think through what you most want to express before taking to a keyboard.
Communicate Your Version of the Story: Once you’ve confirmed that Zionists are snitching you out, talk to your employment supervisor (start with the one you least distrust). This isn’t to say that anyone in management can be viewed as an ally—consider yourself lucky if that’s the case—but you’ll want to register your version of the story, nevertheless. Don’t get into a political debate. Emphasize that you are being subject to an organized defamation campaign with no basis in reality.
Do Not Apologize or Try to Appease: For reasons of politics and principle, appeasement is a poor strategy. But it’s a poor strategy first of all for reasons of pragmatism: a Zionist mob intent on punishing an enemy has never been appeased short of destroying its target. Keep in mind, as well: those who do concede and appease aren’t just saving their own skin; they’re making life tougher for every future target of the mob.
Remain Circumspect: Or, put more plainly, don’t believe a goddamn word that management, HR, or anyone else paid by the institution says to you. For students, the same advice applies to deans and other administrators on your campus.
Write an Article Explaining Your Situation: An op-ed is probably best. Even if you don’t publish it, you’ll have the opportunity to sort your thoughts. You can share the article with people interested in learning more about your situation.
Decide Whether to Go Public: If so, enlist trusted people to help: coworkers, friends, professional colleagues. Streamline your talking points. Communicate to allies what you want emphasized and what is best kept private. The message needs to be firm and concise. Defending yourself against scurrilous accusations is important, and probably inevitable, but put a spotlight on the dishonesty and mendaciousness of your accusers. Let them answer for the racism inherent to their enterprise.
Be Clear: Assuming you go public, be clear about the situation and the stakes of a favorable (or negative) outcome. People need to understand exactly what they’re being asked to support or oppose. Over the years, hundreds of petitions and appeals have come into my inbox or social media feeds. The most compelling identify a specific injustice and demand a legible form of redress. Interpersonal drama with online frenemies is not a cause.
Give People Something to Do: Or at least let them know that more information is forthcoming. People want to feel as if they’re doing something useful to mitigate injustice, even if it’s only signing a petition. While making an audience aware of a problem is a worthy cause in itself, the audience will certainly ask, “What can we do to help?” It’s good to provide an answer. (This suggestion functions at an individual level, too. Don’t hesitate to privately approach friends to deploy their expertise on your behalf.) Possibilities include writing letters to your higher-ups (a template can be helpful, but if your supervisors get a bunch of messages with identical text, they’ll be less likely to take the complaints seriously); posting links to social media; organizing boycotts and strikes; and reaching out to relevant contacts.
Beware of Unsolicited Advice: If you do end up in the news cycle, prepare for tons of unsolicited advice. Some people will get angry with you for not behaving as they think they would, or as they think you should. Ignore them. Even if their hearts are in the right place, the demands on you to follow a program of their choosing do nothing to help. There will be dozens of factors they don’t know or care about. Listen to your family and your lawyers.
Beware the Social Climbers, As Well: Any kind of attention, even negative, will bring out opportunists looking to extract social capital from your unfortunate situation. As soon as the spotlight dims, these new friends will disappear. Follow your instinct. You’ll quickly realize who is trustworthy, and you’ll come to know those people as a beloved minority in the world.
Remember the Larger Context: Consider the implications of your choices on the Palestine solidarity movement. Your struggle is personal, but it isn’t individual. (For God’s sake, never start your own hashtag.) Make sure the conversation keeps returning to the Palestinian people (and to the world’s downtrodden in general). The repression and punishment of anti-Zionists in North America is coterminous with Zionist brutality in Palestine. Your actions should be aligned with the greater cause of Palestinian liberation.
Seek out Loved Ones for Support: There’s no shame in confiding to loved ones. Defamation campaigns can be brutally stressful and while you want to maintain a defiant stance in public, it’s important to process fear and vulnerability in private. You are human, after all, and empathy is the root of your outrage.
No matter what happens, you will have won simply by emerging from the fracas with your integrity intact. You have been targeted for punishment not at random, but because centers of Zionist power view you as somehow threatening. Zionists don’t achieve victory from the punishment itself, but from stifling or diminishing your voice and thus removing the threat. Forbearance is the only aspect of the situation you can control.
Zionist smear campaigns aim to make you destitute and so they tap into some primal anxieties. The best way to alleviate that anxiety is through resistance. A serious, thoughtful response may not save your job, but it will salvage your sense of place and purpose—and, if done well, it will galvanize others to take up the fight. Future generations—starting, optimally, with the next one—will enjoy the benefits of your fortitude.
Damn Good! Here’s my list:
#1: You don’t negotiate with oppressors for your liberation; you take it!
#2: Never accept the oppressor’s narrative of your oppression.
#3: Never use the oppressors’ rules to dismantle their systems of oppression; abide by your own principles for abolishing them.
#4: Be proactive rather than reactive to the machinations of oppressors and their systems of oppression; a well-prepared intervention will hasten their demise.
#5: Liberation from oppression is never secured through electoral politics; the oppressed must obtain freedom of mind and body via our own efforts – nothing less with do.
#6: When oppressors heap praise upon and validate a member of the oppressed, one should be leery of that person’s allegiance to humanity; such singling out for praise usually indicate their collaboration with oppressors rather than their commitment to the dispossessed.
#7: Never let it escape you that systems of oppression function to exploit and destruct fellow human beings. This makes them irredeemable thus not “reformable.” Never fall for the idea that changing them will be without sacrifice.
#8: Never let oppressors convince you that collective action against them and their systems of oppression are futile; for we the oppressed are far more powerful change agents than oppressors want us to know.
#9: Respectability politics and civility — the idea that the oppressed must be non-threatening and commendable to oppressors to obtain material and psychological fulfillment — is never useful in securing our liberation from oppression; our knowledge of self and our humanity is more important than oppressors’ idea of who we are in freeing ourselves from the chains of systemic oppression.
#10: If you want to eliminate oppressive systems, you must grasp the directional flow from which power runs in the structure of oppressive systems. Though it is commonly held that power runs from leaders of oppressive systems down this is an erroneous view given these despots and their power systems’ reign is contingent on the acquiesce and consent of the people, thus power flows from the bottom up. Therefore, consciousness raising among the people is necessary if we seek to end oppression.
Rule #11: Never forgive the unforgivable. “To forgive and forget” is simply foolish.
Rule #12: Be impatient and defiant of oppressors and their systems of oppression for their endurance is depend upon your toleration of their domination.
Thank you for this. It is very helpful to remember when the going gets rough and we tire of the blood Hamas, and other Palestinian Arab groups, forces us to shed: Rule #11 Never forgive the unforgivable. “To forgive and forget” is simply foolish.
Itamar massacre: Fogel family butchered while sleeping
Tali Hatuel, 4 daughters remembered 15 years after deadly terror attack
20th anniversary of the infamous Dolphinarium Disco terror attack
Twenty-one people were killed in the attack, including one soldier and 20 civilians, most of whom were teenage girls.
The Sbarro Restaurant Massacre
In Israel, a Palestinian suicide bomber blew himself up at the Park Hotel in Netanya, at a Passover Seder, killing at least 15 and wounding more than 80 Israeli citizens.
It’s also helpful to remember the overall picture where the decades-old Zionist project compels racists like yourself to consider Palestinians Arabs less than human, obstacles to Jewish colonialism and therefore fit only to be massacred or ethnic cleansed without rememberance or ghettoised within Gaza or another Palestinian bantustan.
That is only, if ever, as a counter to decades-old Islamist project that compels racists like yourself to consider Jews less than human, obstacles to Arab Islamist supremacism and therefore fit only to be massacred or ethnic cleansed without remembrance, not even worthy of being ghettoized.
How about the attrociousness that the Israeli army daily perpetrates on Palestinians. A tit or tat? Either side can go on and on but, history of killings by Israel requires an outside humanitarian response,(Hear! Hear!) (Thank God for the Hague!) because of the voraciousness of the amount of Palestinian bodies piled up next to the miniscule amounts of Israelis that met the same fate.
Arab incompetence wins them a prize? The crime of genocide is based on intent. When you fire 4000 rockets towards population centers with the hopes of killing a Jew, that is genocide.
This complaint is quite humorous. Everywhere anyone turns there is another academic society condemning Israel for it vigorous defense against Hamas rockets that are launched with genocidal intent.
The old joke has two Jews riding the subway, one reading the Forward and the other reading Der Stürmer. The Forward reader asks the other, “Why do you read that antisemitic garbage?” The fellow replies, “Look at the Forward; we are beaten, robbed, down trodden, and everybody hates us. In my paper, we own all the bank, all the newspapers, the movies, and we control the world! So why shouldn’t I read it?”
Twenty years later it went from a German paper to an Arab paper. Now, all we have to do is read Salaita’s blog to get that sense of superiority that antisemites complain about all of the time.
Steve’s article is a principled attempt to advise individuals who are in danger of being defamed and being made jobless for their views, in the form of campaigns enacted by anonymous right-wing cowards.
Were you expecting a trophy for a perfect zero in comprehension or for a perfect 10 in deftly avoiding anything related to the article with not one but two posts?
“Thank you for this. It is very helpful to remember when the going gets rough and we tire of the blood Hamas, and other Palestinian Arab groups, forces us to shed:”
Way to twist things to make out Zionists are the victims on the get-go. So again please tell us all about how tired that those deliberate massacres and ethnic cleansing exercises such as Deir Yassin (well before Hamas’s creation) made you?
“This complaint is quite humorous.”
I’m sure it would be if you were the one subject to anonymous defamation and retrenchment, or at least it might make you a bit more sympathetic towards those attacked for their views.
“Now, all we have to do is read Salaita’s blog to get that sense of superiority that antisemites complain about all of the time.”
No, normally a sense of superiority would’ve come naturally to Zionism and Zionists being the most most loyal and rewarded agents in the Middle East for the biggest criminals of European and American imperialism.
It’s those scaremongering right-wing and xenophobic publications like the Jewish Chronicle from which weirdly masochistic but otherwise comfortable Zionists living in the West can get their kicks pretending to be the ones persecuted by Palestinian fire-crackers and the anti-nationalist “far-left”.
Deir Yassin? Hebron 1929.
The Arabs of Deir Yassin defended themselves admirably. That meant they were armed and were aided by other Arab troops. However, there was a genocidal civil war started by the Arabs so the Jews fought with determination that they would not be the ones who died that day.
Moral of the story. Do not start a war with genocidal intent. It will bite you in the butt.
The village of Deir Yassein had 4 or so guns prior to the attack, by how many dozens of armed and trained Zionist militiamen? The wikipedia entry doesn’t say. In any case 4 guns against several dozen (at least) rifles, machine guns, mortars and dynamite, which they used to blow up houses with the people still inside – not for the last time! Ariel Sharon is infamous for invading the village of Qibya a decade or so later and blowing up the houses with the people inside. No Arab forces from outside the Deir Yassin came to defend it. After the fighting was over, Zionist forces lined up men, women and children, old and young, and mowed them down, the next day they paraded several of the village men around Jerusalem in a truck before taking them back to the village and executing them, dumping their bodies in a quarry. Where, apparently, they also dumped the bodies of over 100 villagers, disemboweled, beheaded, one “a woman who must have been eight months pregnant, hit in the stomach, with powder burns on her dress indicating she’d been shot point-blank.” (re-quoted from wikipedia)
Sigman, you are either dishonest or deliberately ignorant, I can find no other reason for your claim regarding the Deir Yassein massacre, which occurred decades before Hamas was founded.
Wikipedia is notoriously unreliable, especially when there are so many supporters of the Arabs who are willing to lie, exaggerate, and misinform. Deir Yassin? Benny Morris says the 120 man force encountered heavy fire that pinned them down. The operation took hours. Obviously there were not only 4 guns. Pappe, as usual, misses all the action stated by so many other historians, including Smith, Bickerton, and Tessler. So there were far more than 4 guns and it does appear that the Iraqi force was using it as a base. Regardless, the Arabs took their revenge my murdering about 77 Drs., Nurses, and others on the the way to render medical aid.
I am in no way dishonest, but you are ignorant beyond all belief relying on wikipedia. No one with any brains uses wikipedia.
Well, you are right. The Deir Yassin villagers had 40 guns, not 4. Nevertheless, the invading Zionists had mortars, grenades, canons, machine guns against an otherwise peaceful village.
From an eyewitness, requoted from PalestineRemembered.com:
Rape, mutilation and humiliation were the norm. Says El-Yassini, “there were [corpses of] women lying in houses with their skirts torn up to their waists and their legs wide apart; children with their throats cut open, rows of young men shot in the back after being lined up at an execution wall. There were even bodies of babies.” Moreover, “some had vivid crimson or black scars down the left side of their throats. One of the women held a tiny baby against her body. The bullet had passed through her breast and killed the baby. Someone had slit open her stomach, cutting sideways and then upwards, perhaps trying to kill her unborn child. Her eyes were wide open, her dark face frozen in horror.”
And of course, the Zionists looted and stole money and jewelry before killing them. Well, Sigman, that’s the class of people you’ve allied yourself with and are now defending: mass murderers, rapists, ethnic cleansers and thieves (not to mention racists), their crimes beginning long before Hamas was founded.
It does not appear that it was a peaceful village. Rumors were that Iraqi forces were using it as a base. The Jewish forces were better armed. That is the smart way to fight a war that the Arabs started. Were they supposed to poll the Arabs, see what they had, and then reduce their arms to match up. That would make you feel better?
As for looting, killing, torturing, and mutilating, the Arabs did their share. Plus they started the war with genocidal intent. Well Lynmc, that’s the class of people you’ve allied yourself with and are now defending: mass murderers, rapists, wannabe genocidaires and ethnic cleansers, and thieves (not to mention racists), their crimes beginning long before the Palmach was founded.
@Signman, you have everything right except virtually every fact you state. Really, you’re basing the idea that Deir Yassin was well defended on “rumors?” And then complaining about sources like wikipedia or counterpunch? Your source is RUMORS. Laughable. And then somehow arguing that it was defended as if that make OK for Zionists to invade and massacre the people? Why shouldn’t the villagers have defended their village?
Palestinian Arabs didn’t start the war in Palestine. In the last several centuries, neither Palestinians nor Arabs went to Europe to take it over and create a Palestinian or Arab ethno-religious state there. Zionist Jews from Europe, aided and abetted by European powers, invaded Palestine to create an ethno-religious state there, with the intent from the get-go of getting rid of the indigenous people. Yes, both sides have committed atrocities, but the Israeli/Zionist have committed 5-10 times as many as the other side, and in the course of a war of aggression and intentional ethnic cleansing. Palestinian have committed atrocities in a war of defense. Not saying that’s a good excuse, but there’s a difference.
“Everywhere anyone turns there is another academic society condemning Israel for it vigorous defense against Hamas rockets that are launched with genocidal intent.”
Oh phooey to your Jewish genocide via Hamas’s primitive rockets and disparity in firepower, as if Zionism’s genocidal intent towards Palestinian Arabs only began last month as well.
Of course you would like to downplay Hamas’ genocidal intent. But they are proud of it.
even on this amazing post a dumbfuck zionist will blunder in without self-awareness to take a big dump in his diapers, huh? incredible.
Thank you for making my point.
Hola Steve, te escribo desde Rosario, Argentina. Hace un mes sufrí censura y hostigamiento sionista luego de publicar una nota en el diario Página/12: “Canción a Palestinauschwitz”. Muy buena tu nota . Te copio mi texto censurado y te autorizo a traducirlo y difundirlo si te parece oportuno. Abrazos.
Canción a Palestinauschwitz
a Daniel Barenboim
(por Hugo Alberto Ojeda)
Si esto es un Estado… Empiezan por el final, terminan en el “principio”. Ausencia.
Hay una canción sin acabar, es la indispensable para respirar/bailar/cantar en paz.
O tal vez, está terminada desde hace mucho y la desconocemos. Somos impotentes de cantar/amar ese presente que supera al pasado.
¿La banalidad del mal tiene fecha de vencimiento en Jerusalén?
Algunos de los millones de humanos de esta canción son (fueron) perseguidos, prisioneros, torturados y asesinados en el pasado y en el presente. El resto de los humanos asistimos a esa realidad por medio de los autodenominados medios de comunicación. Los relatos falsos de la realidad. O la indiferencia de las falsas “redes sociales”.
¿El Estado de Derecho es el Derecho del Mercado del odio idiota?
A inicios del siglo pasado, los actuales territorios de Palestina e Israel estaban usurpados colonialmente por el Reino Unido. En 1947, una resolución de las Naciones Unidas resolvió la partición de Palestina en dos estados, uno árabe y otro judío; sin que mediara ninguna consulta democrática a sus pobladores originarios, causando la expulsión (dispersión) a muchos de ellos y originando un conflicto irresuelto hasta el día de hoy.
¿En qué podrido charco del Ghetto de Varsovia se espeja el negacionismo del actual genocidio/apartheid de Palestina?
Los efectos del entonces reciente genocidio nazi y la ignorancia/desprecio hacia los derechos de los pueblos árabes hicieron que la opinión pública internacional observara con simpatía la formación del Estado de Israel en 1948. Y soslayara las distintas acciones terroristas realizadas desde entonces por las fuerzas armadas israelíes, no sólo contra las naciones árabes, sino también contra Inglaterra y Francia (1956).
“Las cosas han cambiado. La gente está loca y los tiempos son extraños”(Bob Dylan), ¿o será extraño que algunos todavía nos resistamos a cruzar/fallar en el umbral de la honestidad?
El actual estado de Palestina recién pudo superar sus dificultades y organizarse en 1988. Es un estado con reconocimiento limitado y sólo en el 2012, 138 países aceptaron su inclusión como “observador” en la ONU.
Toda melodía humana es política.
¿Hacer un recital en las puertas del campo de Auschwitz habría sido un delito punible? ¿Adolf Eichmann ejecutó más inocentes civiles que Benjamín Netanyahu?
En sus 73 años de existencia, el Estado de Israel ha despojado a los palestinos originarios más del 80% de su territorio, ha despreciado y desconocido las normas esenciales del derecho internacional que hacen a la convivencia pacífica entre los pueblos. Mal que le pese a muchos de sus integrantes, el pueblo judío a través del Estado de Israel, está pasando de ser víctima a victimario. Muchas de las atrocidades que están cometiendo las fuerzas de ocupación israelíes, con sus operaciones de limpieza étnica, sus barreras de hormigón, cercas electrificadas y otras violaciones a los derechos humanos, superan a los crímenes que los genocidas nazis del siglo pasado infligieron a gitanos, comunistas, homosexuales y judíos.
Hanna Harendt y Albert Eistein bailan en silencio su canción postergada.
¿Cuáles son las verdaderas diferencias que hay entre la calidad de vida en la que perecían los prisioneros de Treblinka con las atrocidades que soportan cotidianamente los actuales habitantes de la Franja de Gaza?
¿Algunos nietos de los sobrevivientes del Ghetto de Varsovia pasan sus vacaciones en Bariloche después de ejecutar niños palestinos?
Cualquier melodía es más sincera/honesta que la mejor palabra de la Biblia. Las hojas de los árboles, las gotas de las lluvias y los infinitos pájaros anónimes/desconocides hacen pogo en ese momento esencial donde el espíritu se desintegra en la materia. Para ser afecto.
¿En qué momento una convicción se convierte en una acción criminal?
¿La Franja de Gaza está lejos de la relatividad del genocidio nazi? ¿Tenemos que anular/olvidar la existencia del campo de concentración más grande perpetrado dentro de esto que llamamos civilización? ¿Quién recuerda el asesinato de 538 niños palestinos durante la Operación Margen Protector de 2014?
Resistir es crear. Todos somos responsables de todo. Vals con Bashir.
¿Las Naciones Unidas están manejadas por sicópatas que aceptan la existencia de distintos ghettos/campos de concentración?
Lejos es cerca. El presente es el pasado.
Si esto es un Estado… Si esto es civilización…
Yes. The UN is run by psychopaths who believe the Palestinian Arabs have a credible story.
Excellent advice. Thanks for posting.
Prof. Salaita:
This paragraph of your essay should be absolute reading for all decent persons: “Mainstream journalists, administrators, and politicians are receptive to Zionist pressure because their primary obligation is to serve centers of power. In many cases, individuals with the authority to decide a target’s fate share ideological and class interests with the people who are complaining. A distinct political economy informs snitching, defamation, employment termination, and other mendacious practices. That economy is calibrated to satisfy the ruling class and uses an insidious system of rewards to ensure conformity. The flipside is a sophisticated complex of discipline and coercion assembled to ensnare people who disrupt the operation. It’s crucial to understand that you’re not simply up against devotees of Israel, but more broadly an imperialist geopolitical structure in which pro-Israel sentiment is embedded. You needn’t identify as a radical in order to recognize the breadth and depth of the problem. ”
It cannot be said better, and I thank you very much for creating it.
The paragraph is stated as a matter of propaganda with many incorrect assumptions meant to sway the opinions of the “progressive” yet uneducated.
Most journalists state that their calling is to keep the people informed. Oped people want to persuade. But they are rarely beholden to anyone.
Mr. Sigman:
I have no idea what you mean. Please use specifics, not generalizations.
Farrell Brody